Lucozade Company International Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lucozade Company International Expansion - Essay Example Introduction Lucozade Company is a trademark name that is used to encompass a series of sports energy drinks, which are produced by the GlaxoSmithKline Company. The energy drink alongside Ribena is currently being produced in Royal Forest Factory in  Cole ford,  Gloucestershire, in the  Forest of Dean. Although Lucozade is presently known as Lucozade Energy, it was previously branded Lucozade. The drink contains a series of flavors, which depend with the taste, and preference of the individual consumer. It contains a series of still, fruit based, isotonic energy drinks, which are designed mainly for use to the original Lucozade sport and other physically demanding activities. Moreover, the company has developed a brand known as Lucozade sport lite, which is a sugar free substance and was launched in 2011 mainly for diabetic people. Other flavors that come along with this drinks include, Orange, Raspberry, Tropical, Cherry, Lite- Orange, Lite- Lemon & Lime, and Lite- Cherry. Bac kground Lucozade Company was started in 1953 in Brent ford, England. However, William Owe, a chemical analyst from Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, started the events that started the company in 1927. Owen’s original idea was to come up with a soft drink that would be primarily used by ailing patients to boost their energy. The product was marketed in UK under the brand name Glucozade but later, the product was rebranded to Lucozade. The company has rebranded severally since then, which has been informed by several breakthrough insights by consumer psychologist Roy Langmaid, who recognized that there was a need to shift the brand's associations away from illness and towards empowerment. Expanding In Saudi Arabia and Saudi Drink Sector Lucozade Company is a major sponsor of events and sports globally. The company also sponsors various athletes in different sports. The recommendation by most countries has cautioned the company not to exceed 700k Cal per liter and 0.01% ethanol. This has ma de the energy drink to be forbidden in most Muslim countries. However, the Muslim council made a ruling that it would be religiously safe to use the energy drink. However, it is recommended for people to take Lucozade in case they are suffering from diarrhea. This is because during this condition, a great deal of fluid and electrolytes are lost from the body. However, it is scientifically claimed that the drink does not contain enough electrolytes to be suitable for electrolyte replacement. The sports and energy drink industry in Saudi Arabia can be analyzed and depicted well according to the Porters Five Forces Model. Porters Five Forces Model is arguable the most important tool for analysis since it is based on fundamentals of competitive advantage. The model deals with forces outside the model which influences the nature of competition in the industry, which is the microenvironment and so, the industries likely profitability (Ekeledo, 2003, p.68). The Saudi Marketing Environment Lucozade Company has to understand the dynamics of the industry and the Saudi Arabian market in order to compete favorably and effectively in the marketplace. This model describes the forces, which describe the forces that drive competition (Madsen & Servais, 1997, p. 561). These forces include rivalry between existing sellers, influence of consumers on the market, seller-supplier influence, the potential threat of new market entrants as well as threat of substitute products (Zahra

Mrs Fields Cookies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Mrs Fields Cookies - Case Study Example It has thus created a wider database of new opportunities in the real world. It has also become a necessary business tool with its wide range of applications in the ever-expanding and competitive global environment, especially where acquisitions and mergers are concerned. When Fields’ acquired La Petite Boulangerie or LPB in 1987 from PepsiCo, the company saw the huge potential of successful diversification into new sit-in cafà © that would also serve to complement the delights of Fields’ cookies. LPB was a French bakery cum sandwich retail chain with 119 outlets. Within a month after the acquisition, Fields’ cut down LPB’s administrative staff to 3 from the strength of 53 employees as various administrative functions like accounts, human resource, finance, training, and development were brought within the wider scope of Fields’ in-house information system. It was a major tactical strategy that was used to promote centralized monitoring and uniformity in the work functioning across its various outlets. The prime importance of using technologies is not only improving the various processes within the system but also the overall performance. It also greatly facilitates the merger of diverse ideologies and processes for improved performance. In the case of LPB, it was an essential tool to promote better efficiency in the delivery of the common organizational goals and objectives. In a fiercely competitive business environment, the firm gains the position by leveraging its strengths by improving and improvising its business management and organizational goals. ‘A company can outperform rivals only if it can establish a difference that it can preserve. It must deliver greater value to customers or create comparable value at a lower cost, or do both’ (Porter, 1996). The technology-driven organization culture within the parent company needs to become the intrinsic part of all its subsidiaries and acquisitions.

The Diverse Nature of Psychology Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Diverse Nature of Psychology - Term Paper Example Social psychology tries to understand people as social animals in social environments and contexts. As the below diagram by McAndrew (2011) indicates, social psychology is a combination of cognitive psychology, sociolinguistics, social anthropology and individual psychology. What is the difference between microsociology and social psychology? Thoits (1995) argues, â€Å"[S]ociologists generally devote their efforts to identifying which social phenomena have effects on individuals while psychologists generally specialize in identifying the mechanisms or processes through which social phenomena have their effects on individuals†. The distinction is between dyadic and monadic analysis. Social psychology tries to analyze people as they are effected by social factors. They look at people qua people and see the social factors as the next level of analysis. But microsociology looks at people as units in a dyadic relationship: They form dyads but the analysis is of the dyads. Social p sychology looks at Katrina, Bob and Joe individually; microsociology looks at Katrina-Bob, Bob-Joe and Katrina-Joe. Social psychology is immensely applicable to my sociological focus. To understand the dyads, it's important to understand the monads.

Macbeth: The Vaulting Ambition

Macbeth: The Vaulting Ambition Shakespeares Macbeth is considered to be one of the best plays ever written. It is set in Scotland in the medieval times, around the 11th century. The play focuses on the psychological effects performed on the main character Macbeth. Macbeth shows us how dramatically his representation changes. Macbeth at the beginning is a highly respected and well-known war-hero. However the seed of change is planted when he meets the three evil witches who predict his future of becoming the king of Scotland. This sudden event makes Macbeth ambitious and he kills Duncan, the current king. Macbeths vaulting ambition rapidly accelerates but he becomes careless which leads to his death. Macbeth starts as a normal noble man who has feelings, friends, a wife and he is a war-hero. As time and tragic events elapse, his time as a ruthless killer begins. As soon as he meets the witches and learns of his future as king, he falls for Lady Macbeths charm and begins to plot and to think of murder. My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical (1.3.9) (Macbeth Ambition Quotes Page 1, 2, 3, 4) After the witches predict that Macbeth will become king, he thinks of murder, even though the witches had not said anything about murder. This brings to question whether the witches are to blame or that the thought of murder had always been there. MACBETH [Aside] The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step On which I must fall down, or else oerleap, For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires.(1.4.4) (Macbeth Ambition Quotes Page 1, 2, 3, 4) When Malcolm is proclaimed to be the heir to the throne of Scotland, Macbeth sets aside his morality. He knows that killing Duncan to become king is wrong, which is why he doesnt want any light to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦see my black and deep desires. MACBETH [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself And falls on the other. (1.7.1) (Macbeth Ambition Quotes Page 1, 2, 3, 4) Macbeth realises that his vaulting ambition is all that motivates him to murder Duncan. To him this is not enough to kill a king, which is why after this speech he decides not to go through with it. But of course we know that Lady Macbeth convinces him to murder Duncan later on. When he is set in front of Duncan at his bedside, Lady Macbeth convinces him to realise that this is the only way. However in doing this evil deed it had made the townspeople suspicious of the other 2 heirs who ran away as they thought they would be next. This meant that Macbeth had to kill Malcolm who was next in line for the iron throne. At this point Macbeths experiences a series of breakdowns as he begins to lose his mind and his human dignity. After the murder of Duncan, Macbeth falls into the trap of a murderous rage. He believed that this would clear his name, but it only made it worse. Each person he kills results in another. With each kill Macbeth loses his feelings of right and wrong. Macbeths principles are soon deteriorated to nothing as his killings become numerous. MACBETH [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] For mine own good All causes shall give way. I am in blood Steppd in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go oer. (3.4.24) (Macbeth Ambition Quotes Page 1, 2, 3, 4) After going on his killing spree, Macbeth suggests that once a man has killed for gain, it is impossible to stop. Macbeth at this point is willing to do anything in order to help himself as he finds it easier to kill. Macbeth believes that hes got to look out for himself. After killing Banquo and confronting his ghost, Macbeth breaks down for the last time. At this point Macbeths last shred of his morals are gone. Lady Macbeth sudden dies and he shows no remorse. Instead of stopping his killing spree he orders Macduffs family to be killed. Macbeth at this point has lost complete control as he starts to believe only in the witches prophecy and visions and that he cannot be killed by any man, giving him a false sense of security. He then plans to send assassins to the castle of Macduff which is in England in order to kill his family. On his way to confront and murder Macduff, Macbeth kills a young soldier without question as he does not care. Here he has nothing but become a cold blooded killer. Near the end of the play, and Macbeths killing spree, his transformation is complete as he loses all of his human thoughts and feelings. Macbeth changes from a man of honour to a man of fear and anger as he loses his ability to make decisions and his morality. In conclusion I believe that this play explores the tragic demise of a good man because of his vaulting ambition because we can see how corrupt a good person can become if one is twisted by the evil supernatural. This is shown through how forces become so powerful over Macbeth that they confuse him and force him into making drastic decisions that change his mind. He has tyrant qualities in the last stages of the play, but the power overwhelms him to succeed and condone these evil deeds. He once was a noble man who has now become a vulnerable and weak target for the desire for power. As a highly respected war-hero to become a cold-blooded killer we can see how the effect of power and his vaulting ambition to become king can lead to the tragic demise of a good man. Word Count = 970

Shakespeares King Harry :: William Shakespeare Plays Literature Essays

Director and playwright Kenneth Haigh once said, â€Å"You need three things in the theatre—the play, the actors and the audience, and each must give something.† (Robertson 159) How true that these three components must work together toward the success of a play; each contributing to the beauty of live theatre. Upon directing a play, one ought to have complete control of the first two aspects (namely, the play and the actors) as they are consciously chosen and painstakingly molded and manipulated. However, the audience is an entirely separate matter. One does not necessarily get to hand-pick one’s audience; yet, control is still possible. Theoretically, theatre-goers will contribute two things to a production: first, they will bring with them a personal history, and secondly, they will have a reaction informed by this history. Thus, an awareness of what the audience might bring to the play is crucial in anticipating their response. Of course, every spectator will be different—culture, age, race, politics, religion, gender and any number of factors will all play a part. But with careful consideration of these possibilities, a good director ought to expect what response the audience will have to different aspects of the production. This can only be an advantage, as preparing for the crowd’s contribution will allow one to direct the play and actors in a manner that will produce the desired response. An audience’s tears, laughter, horror, confusion, shock, applause, etc. should all be controlled (to a certain degree) by the director. In taking this into consideration, plays written in the past—intended for theatres and audiences of the past—can take on great and exciting changes when brought to audiences of the present and future. William Shakespeare’s Henry V is no exception to this rule. In light of recent circumstances in the United States of America, a contemporary performance of Shakespeare’s Henry V would be quite poignant by staging the character of King Harry as a mediocre (but at times likeable) leader, in order to expose the humanity of men in times of war. The parallels between Henry V and the United States of America’s current political affairs are quite notable. Drawing upon these in a present day performance of Henry V would be quite engaging and inviting to the appropriate audience. Initially, King Harry is remembered as a â€Å"vain, giddy, shallow, humorous youth† (2.

Neutralization Test for Virus

NEUTRALIZATION TEST FOR VIRUS Neutralization of a virus is defined as the loss of infectivity through reaction of the virus with specific antibody. Virus and serum are mixed under appropriate condition and then inoculated into cell culture, eggs or animals. The presence of unneutralized virus may be detected by reactions such as CPE, haemadsorption/haemagglutination, plaque formation, disease in animals. The loss of infectivity is bought about by interference by the bound Ab with any one of the steps leading to the release of the viral genome into the host cells.There are two types of neutralization;- Reversible neutralization – The neutralization process can be reversed by diluting the Ab-Ag mixture within a short time of the formation of the Ag-Ab complexes (30 mins). It is thought that reversible neutralization is due to the interference with attachment of virions to the cellular receptors eg. the attachment of the HA protein of influenza viruses to sialic acid. The process requires the saturation of the surface of the virus with Abs.Stable neutralization – with time, Ag-Ab complexes usually become more stable (several hours) and the process cannot be reversed by dilution. Neither the virions nor the Abs are permanently changed in stable neutralization, for the unchanged components can be recovered. The neutralized virus can be reactivated by proteolytic cleavage. Stable neutralization has a different mechanism to that of reversible neutralization. It had been shown that neutralized virus can attach and that already attached virions can be neutralized.The number of Ab molecules required for stable neutralization is considerably smaller than that of reversible neutralization, Kinetic evidence shows that even a single Ab molecule can neutralize a virion. Such neutralization is generally produced by Ab molecules that establish contact with 2 antigenic sites on different monomers of a virion, greatly increasing the stability of the complexes. An ex ample of stable neutralization is the neutralization of polioviruses, whereby, the attachment of the antibody to the viral capsid stabilizes the capsid and inhibits the uncoating and release of viral nucleic acid.Viral evolution must tend to select for mutations that change the antigenic determinants involved in neutralization. In contrast, other antigenic sites would tend to remain unchanged because mutations affecting them would not be selected for and could even be detrimental. A virus would thus evolve from an original type to a variety of types, different in neutralization (and sometimes in HI) tests, but retaining some of the original mosaic of antigenic determinants recognizable by CFTs.Because of its high immunological specificity, the neutralization test is often the standard against which the specificity of the other serological techniques is evaluated. Before the neutralization test is carried out, the known components that are to be used must be standardized. To identify a virus isolate, a known pretitred antiserum is used. Conversely, to measure the antibody response of an individual to a virus, a known pretitred virus is used. To titrate a known virus, serial tenfold dilutions of the isolate is prepared and inoculated into a susceptible host system such as cell culture or animal.The virus endpoint titre is the reciprocal of the highest dilution of virus that infects 50% of the host system eg. 50% of cell cultures develop CPE, or 50% of animals develop disease. This endpoint dilution contains one 50% tissue culture infecting dose (TCID50) or one 50% lethal dose (LD50) of virus per unit volume. The concentration of virus generally used in the neutralization test is 100 TCID50 or 100 LD50 per unit volume. The antiserum is titrated in the neutralization test against its homologous virus.Serial twofold dilutions of serum is prepared and mixed with an equal volume containing 100TCID50 of virus. The virus and serum mixtures are incubated for 1 hour at 3 7oC. The time and temperature for incubation varies with different viruses. The mixtures are then inoculated into a susceptible host system. The endpoint titration contains one antibody unit and is the reciprocal of the highest dilution of the antiserum protecting against the virus. Generally 20 antibody units of antiserum is used in the neutralization tests.

History of forensic medicine Essay

The necessity of understanding the reasons why a loved one suddenly becomes missing, his/her whereabouts difficult to trace and the difficulty of establishing the probability of that person’s survival is one of the many realities of families today. Should threats actually pose on a person’s life or the missing member left traces of his/her whereabouts are stuffs that not only fill the minds of those who are after detective stories; these are matters that provide meaning and hope for those families and individuals with real, missing loved ones. The popularity of shows on television such as CSI and police crime stories in a weekly slot has virtually lined almost all of networks around the globe. Films and theaters make sure they profit and usually they do whenever they strike the old formula of suspense and crime. Embedded in these formats is the dependable work of forensic medicine and the people behind it. It is no wonder that many children and adolescents today list the job of a forensic specialist as one of their ambitions. Purpose of the Paper Forensic medicine is a distinct discipline dedicated to accomplish the ultimate which is to solve crimes and prevent, limit or reduce its occurrence with the application of a wide-ranging field of sciences in response to inquiries in relation to the legal set-up. It utilizes scientific methods and the application of pharmacology and other related schemes in the pursuit of justice. Basically derived from the time of the Romans when both the accused and the accuser are given their day in â€Å"court† to present their speeches to persuade the court of the issues of their cases; today, an intricate system of a combination of knowledge from different sectors is used to achieve the purposes of the legal system. It uses modern technology and the expertise of behavioral sciences in law enforcement. Myths have been built around notorious serial killers and rightly so, because many of those who perpetrate such heinous activities manage to cause people to tremble just by hearing stories about their â€Å"exploits. Many were astounded by such names or tags as â€Å"BTK† and others like him who tried to carve their names in history though rather infamously. More modern types in the likes of Ted Bundy for instance and the â€Å"happy face† killer still evoke fear as well amazement that such people do exist. What was more amazing though is that they had been caught and that the breakthrough of forensic medicine in the early years to its modern developments had made the capture more successful and a credit to the science. In the case of jack the Ripper, he was popularized in London many years ago, around 1880, when this man started to murder prostitutes in the East End portion of this metropolis. He was never caught and his identity remained clouded in mystery. But the details as to the methods of his killing (or ripping) and whether he reaped them or not (his victims) became known only when the developments that had brought forensic medicine to the forefront started to become available (Barbee, 2006). The paper is written to explain, enlighten where forensic medicine is today and where it started. With the view that many of high profiled cases were solved due to the advances in the field which includes computer and digital forensics, use of forensic analysis tools of all kinds i. e. , sampling techniques, and a host of other manners of gathering evidence, the author seeks to establish the history of forensic medicine in precis. Problem Statement The literature today is rich to provide an enthusiast and serious student of the field with sufficient information concerning the issue on how this particular discipline emerged. It therefore seeks to answer the following question: What is forensic medicine and what are the major developments that helped established its place in the legal system? Basing on that primary inquiry, the following are the paper’s sub-problem statements: o How is forensic medicine defined? o What are the developmental milestones significant in the understanding of the discipline? o What are the current medical and scientific breakthroughs that are being employed in the application of forensic medicine? o What are its successes in terms of accomplishments as solving such high profiled crimes as BTK and insights into the legendary Jack the Ripper? What are its failures and the deficiencies in the system that needs to be improved and addressed? Definition of Terms Forensic medicine is a distinct science that â€Å"involves the principles and techniques that identify evidence at a crime scene† (UKTV people, 2007). Crime scene investigation refers to the protocol that peopl e in the uniform employs whenever a crime occurs such as the incidence of murder that brings the trained to examine the scene of the crime. The intention is to find traces or clues that might lead to the solution of the crime (UKTV people, 2007). DNA which represents the chemical Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the â€Å"chemical found in virtually every cell in the body and which carries genetic information from one generation to the next. When translated, this information determines our physical characteristics and directs all the chemical processes in the body† (UKTV people, 2007). Fingerprint evidence. â€Å"Fingerprint evidence rests on two basic principles: A person’s â€Å"friction ridge patterns† – the swirled skin on their fingertips – never change and no two people have the same pattern of friction ridges. † (UKTV people, 2007). Ballistics.  The science of ballistics is often a highly important element in finding out who did the â€Å"killing. † It deals with the motion, behavior and effects of bullets. Theoretical Framework ~On criminality: Factors contributing to the incidence This refers to the body of knowledge that provides a basis to the current understanding of the different facets of the field. There are various scientific viewpoints where criminality is concerned and its reduction and prevention as goals. The author attempts to discuss various theoretical perspectives as knowledge base for the strength of its proposition. Sociologists, in an attempt to explain and point out the reasons behind delinquency, have concluded that there are connections between specific youth behaviors with the home environment, family background, the neighborhood, associations, and many other aspects that together, or separately affect the formative years of young people’s social environment. Delinquent children usually come from a background of difficult circumstances. Parental alcoholism, poverty, breakdown of family, abusive conditions in the home, death of parents during armed conflicts or drug overdose, and the HIV/AIDS scourge, and etc. re some of the various reasons that can leave children virtually orphaned. One or both parents may be physically present, but because of irresponsibility on their part (if even one of them is addicted to drugs or alcoholic), a child may grow developing certain ways and attitudes that are directly/indirectly caused by the parent/s addiction or drug-related behavior. In this case, true delinquency lies on the parents; and the children are, in a way, orphaned or unaccompanied, and without any means of subsistence which, in the first place, the parents’ fundamental responsibility to provide. Generally, and increasingly, these children are born and/or raised without a father. They are first in the line of those who are at greatest risk of falling into juvenile delinquency. Without noticing it as it is typical of any youth to be lacking in prudence, with newly embraced group, the gang, a corresponding subculture starts to assimilate them, and before long, they start to engage in activities of adult criminal groups. It is usually after being engaged in criminal activities for an extended period of time with its accompanying consequences (such as ending up in prison or rehabilitation institutions for drug addicts) that delinquents realize they are into a very dangerous zone. A large portion of all juvenile violations (between two-thirds and three-quarters) are perpetrated by youths who are members of certain gangs (Venkatesh, 1997). Unlike in school and their family, these have no strict rules to be followed except loyalty to the group. It gives young people esteem when they somehow feel they are the â€Å"rule† in themselves. This is the lure of gangs. It gives the promise of fulfillment to would be delinquents. Popularity, access to the powerful figures on the streets, freedom to express one’s self, as well as easy flow of money (if the gang is also involved in some illegal activities such as drug dealings, which is common in most gangs) are seemingly within grasp of anybody who just have the guts to dare (OJJDP, Mar. 2003).